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20120402 We strive to be just in words and actions 力求言行正義

The seventh and tenth commandments are “You shall not steal” and “You shall not covet anything that belongs to your neighbour.”
The seventh commandment tells us to respect what belongs to others, and to be just and honest.
In The Question and Amswer Catholic Catechism Father John Hardon, SJ, points out, “the seventh commandment forbids the taking of another’s goods against his reasonable wishes. This includes thievery, robbery, unjust acquisition of goods, and all deliberate destruction of property.”
Father Hardon further pointed out that not only thieves and robbers are guilty of theft and robbery but all those who “1) advise or assist them; 2) buy, sell, or keep stolen goods; 3) do not return what they have found or borrowed; 4) do not pay their just debts; and 5) beg without need and thus defraud those who are really poor.”
Stealing can be a venial sin if the amount or item stolen is small or inexpensive. It becomes a mortal sin when the amount or item stolen is large or expensive.
Justice in society
By cheating one gains through fraud; it is depriving another of his property by crafty means.
Bishop LaRavoire Morrow, author of My Catholic Faith, points out cheating includes: “Using false weights and measures, issuing counterfeit money, adulterating food and other products for sale, forgery, falsification of documents, smuggling, tampering with boundary lines, overcharging, excessive profits, arson with a view to collection of insurance money.”
He adds, “Copyrights are a form of property that must be respected.”
Bishop Morrow also points out, “Employers who do not pay a just living wage defraud others, and are guilty of injustice. Employees who waste time, do bad work wilfully, or neglect to take reasonable care of their employers’ property violate the seventh commandment.”
In order to receive forgiveness from God, we are obliged to restore to the owner stolen goods, or their value, whenever we are able.
What the seventh commandment forbids in action, the tenth commandment forbids in thoughts and desires. According to the Baltimore Catechism, “The tenth commandment forbids all desire to take or to keep unjustly what belongs to others, and also forbids envy at their success.”
Proper use of the tongue
The eighth commandment is “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour.” This commandment obliges us to speak the truth in all things, but especially in what concerns the good name and honour of others.
A lie is saying something which we believe to be false with the intention of deceiving others. Normally lying is a venial sin, but it may become a mortal sin under certain circumstances, such as lying under oath, denying one’s religion as Catholic, or causing great harm to others through lies.
We should respect the good name of others. Rash judgment, detraction, and calumny are sins against the good name of others.
A person commits the sin of rash judgment when, without sufficient reason, he believes something harmful to another’s character.
Detraction is making known the hidden faults of another person without a good reason. We may disclose the hidden failings of another person only when there is a good reason, such as to help the person or to protect oneself or someone else from harm.
Calumny or slander is injuring the good name of others by lying. If we have harmed the good name of others, we must repair the harm done as far as possible.
The eighth commandment also includes the duty of keeping secrets. The Baltimore Catechism states: “We are obliged to keep a secret when we have promised to do so, when our office requires it, when the good of another demands it.”

「天主十誡」中第七誡是「毋偷盜」,第十誡是「毋貪他人財物」。
第七誡要我們尊重個人財物的私有權,要公義和誠實。
在「天主教要理問答」中,耶穌會會士若望.赫頓神父寫道:「第七誡禁止我們在違反物主合理意願下,拿取該物主的財物 —— 包括盜竊、搶掠、毀壞的行為,或以不公的手法把財物據為己有。」赫頓神父特意指出:「提議或協助上述不法的行為,同樣有罪,亦不容買賣或收藏不法之物;不歸還不法之物或借賃得來的東西、欠債故意不償還、故意毀壞別人的物件,都觸犯這第七誡命。」
偷竊少量或賤價財物可能只屬小罪,但偷竊大量或昂價的財物,則視為大罪。

社會公義
騙財是以狡詐欺騙手法,賺取財物。「我的天主教信仰」作者、類斯.莫魯主教詳釋道:「此等行為,無異於以欺秤擾量作買賣、使用偽鈔、偽造或篡改文件、竄改資料、售賣膺品、騙取保金、走私、賺取不合理利潤等。」「當然,我們也要尊重版權。」他續指出:「僱主釐定和支付不合理薪金,僱員工作散慢不經心、浪費光陰,又妄用僱主工具或財物,均犯了第七誡。」
要得相關罪之赦,當盡速歸還所拖欠或偷得的,或按能力用等值的金錢作出賠償。
第七誡管制行為,第十誡管制思慾。「博迪模天主教要理」指引說:第十誡禁止我們有意獲取或保有不義之財,禁止我們嫉妒別人所得或成就。
謹口慎言
「天主十誡」中第八誡是「毋妄證」。
這誡命要我們吐實言真,特別注意尊重和保護他人的名聲。
蓄意說出不乎事實以達欺騙目的,就是謊言。在一般情况下,說謊是小罪;但在一些情況下,說謊可搆成大罪;譬如在發誓時說謊,教友不承認自己的信仰,又或者謊言造成大傷害等。
我們要尊重和保護他人的名聲;莽斷、搬弄是非、寃枉,都等於破壞他人的名聲。
沒有足夠理據或證明而倉猝相信或做判斷,便是莽斷。在沒有合理和必要情況下(例如要幫助或保護另一個人),透露別人的不是之處,等同搬弄是非。寃枉是以不乎事實的謊言,損害別人的聲譽。若損害了他人的名聲,我們應當設法盡速更正及賠補。
第八誡包括須守當守的秘密。「我們要緊守承諾的秘密、在專業操守上的秘密、或為他人的益處而應守的秘密。(博迪模天主教要理)」